26/12/2025
Inspired by the Orchids of Malaysia talk by PT Ong, a FRIM researcher specialising in orchids in Peninsular Malaysia, we learned about the fascinating and highly specialised relationships between orchids and their pollinators ๐๐ชฐ PT Ong shared how different orchid groups are intricately linked to specific pollinators, highlighting the delicate ecological interactions that sustain them.
Here, we summarise the five main orchid groups, based on PT Ongโs pictorial book titled โ๐พ๐๐๐
๐ถ๐๐๐๐๐
๐ ๐๐ ๐ท๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ด๐๐๐๐๐๐๐โ, to invite all Malaysians to begin observing and appreciating orchids in the wildโnot only those found in commercial nurseries. ๐ฑ๐ธ
Often called the ๐๐๐ฃ๐๐ ๐ค๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐ก๐๐ฃ๐ฉ ๐๐ค๐ง๐ก๐ or the ๐๐๐๐๐ง ๐ค๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐ก๐๐ฃ๐ฉ ๐๐ค๐ง๐ก๐, orchids symbolise rarity and the urgent need for conservation. They represent the largest plant family in Peninsular Malaysia, comprising 143 genera and 905 species, with around 20% endemic to the region.
Orchids can be broadly grouped based on how they obtain nutrients:
โข ๐๐๐๐ผ๐๐ฟ๐ผ๐ฝ๐ต๐ถ๐ฐ โ produce their own food through photosynthesis
โข ๐๐ฒ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ผ๐บ๐๐ฐ๐ผ๐๐ฟ๐ผ๐ฝ๐ต๐ถ๐ฐ โ lack chlorophyll and leaves, relying entirely on fungal associations
In terms of habitat, orchids are remarkably diverse. They can be found growing:
โข ๐ข๐ป ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ด๐ฟ๐ผ๐๐ป๐ฑ (Terrestrial)
โข ๐ข๐ป ๐ฟ๐ผ๐ฐ๐ธ๐ (Lithophytic)
โข ๐ข๐ป ๐๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ฒ๐ (Epiphytic)
โข And some species are even ๐๐ฒ๐บ๐ถ-๐ฎ๐พ๐๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ฐ, thriving both on land and in water