02/18/2025
From space, the island of Hawaii captures the imagination like a work of abstract art. Her emerald eastern coasts, studded with rich rainclouds, reach up ma uka (inland, upland, towards the mountain) as far as they can, morphing at higher elevation to bare amber and crimson lands encircling the summit of Maunakea, sometimes capped in white. Her south and western flanks speak of motion, streaked with inky brushstrokes of lava flows that travel down the long ridges of Maunaloa to the sunbaked seacoast.
This is a place filled with stories and legends, inspired by our unique island environment. An environment so diverse in elevation, winds and rains, that it brings together a climatic microcosm of earth itself. These are the Climate Zones.
Dramatic intro aside, it’s still a SciFi-esque scenario, to think that one tiny place on the planet, only 4,028 square miles in all, could contain nearly all of the world’s potential climates. The idea has become a soundbite across the visitor industry, frequently quoted, often misunderstood, and ultimately cool. The science behind it is just as cool as the concept.
It began with the work of a German-Russian botanist and climatologist, Wladimir Koppen in 1884. Koppen was trying to show the relationship between climatic zones and vegetation zones, biomes, that were being mapped for the first time. He eventually categorized climate into five major groups and fourteen subgroups. These are based on temperature and precipitation, and range from warm, wet tropical to very cold polar.
Koppen modified the study several times, including collaborative work with Rudolph Geiger, and in 1928 they introduced a wall map to illustrate the system. Koppen continued to tweak the work until his death in 1940, and it’s since been modified by other climatologists. (Later systems added a sixth group, “Highlands,” which might include any of the others, at different elevations.)
Traveling the island from the green East side to the West side’s black lava shores, or climbing up from the ocean to the mountains, it’s easy to experience the different zones in a variety of ways. Source: gohawaii.com