08/18/2026
~Upper Cimarron Spring~
Also known as Flagg Spring, is located a short distance north of the Santa Fe Trail on a minor tributary of the Dry Cimarron near Boise City, Oklahoma.
Flagg Spring received its name from one of the first wagon trains that came through. It was a very dry year, and the traders had had no water since the Middle Cimarron Spring, well to the east. About a half mile from the upper spring they shot a buffalo and discovered water in its paunch, thereby indicating that there was a waterhole nearby. They backtracked along the buffalo's trail, found the spring, and watered their thirsty stock and filled their barrels. A white flag was left on the nearby hill and a messenger was sent back to the next train informing it about the "flagged spring."
It was a major spring and camp site on the Santa Fe Trail, and it was here that Daniel Monroe was buried after he was mortally wounded at McNees Crossing. Several battles also occurred here, one in 1828 during Monroe's funeral, when five Indians were killed, and another later that year when Comanches killed a man named Means, who was the captain of a caravan.
Abundant historical debris reflects the many trail camps around a large spring, which has been dammed up to form a small lake. Numerous artifacts dating to the era of the Santa Fe Trail and earlier times have been recovered at the site including a metal projectile points, Mexican glazed ceramics, an 1873 dime, an 1876 "Quar Dol" coin, and an 1869 "5 cents" piece.
Another aspect of this extremely important site is an immense quarry and habitation site that dates to prehistoric and historical Indian times. The adjacent hill and outcrops are formed of gray quartzite and a caramel-colored chalcedony, and literally thousands of cores, flakes, tools, and other artifacts litter the ground. Several tipi rings are also present, and the arroyo bank below the dam has a rich, dark midden layer in it that is 6-9 ft thick and laden with burned bone, fire-cracked rock, mussel shells, and artifacts.
This is undoubtedly one of the largest village sites in the Dry Cimarron Valley. Also present at the site are numerous rockshelters (some with walls added on) and midden areas on and around the hill above the spring where Monroe is reportedly buried.
Article Source; “Stone Circles, Ancient Forts, and Other Antiquities of the Dry Cimarron Valley” A study of the Cimarron Seco Indians by Joe Winter